Друзья!
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Полезные ссылки. |
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Иностранные ресурсы
Весь англоязычный интернет является полезным ресурсом, из недавних встреч мне понравился сайт
Grammar lessons, exercises, and rules for everyday use
http://www.englishgrammar.org/
много интересных и полезных материалов.
Один из интересных наборов ссылок составила и вела, а может ведёт и сейчас, активистка группы новостей alt.english.usage, Donna Richoux:
Last Revised 2002-08-12 (12 Aug 2002)
Where to find previous postings
Where to learn about ASCII IPA
Learning English as a Foreign Language
Audio Archives
Word lists
On-line dictionaries: general
On-line dictionaries: Historical and
Special Purpose
Acronyms and abbreviations
Sites on words and language
Writing and Grammar Guides On Line
Encyclopedias & Search Engines
British English
Black English (African-American
Vernacular English, Ebonics)
Historical English, and English
Literature
If you suspect your topic has already been discussed, even though it is
not in the FAQ, please check for articles, following the appropriate
search guidelines, at the Google
Usenet archive, which holds articles since 1995:
http://groups.google.com/
ASCII IPA is a way of expressing pronunciation on Usenet. It is a
version of the International Phonetic Alphabet, using only the ASCII
symbols (basic keyboard characters). There's a guide
to ASCII IPA,
including illustrative sound files, at
http://www.alt-usage-english.org/ascii_ipa_choice.html
A detailed specification of the ASCII IPA transcriptions scheme,
including tables showing the mapping to and from IPA
characters,
can be found at
http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf
Good entry points to the many resources on the Web are:
English as
a Second Language
http://www.rong-chang.com/
Dave's ESL Cafe
http://www.eslcafe.com/
The
Taiwan Teacher
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/1979/links.html
English as 2nd
Language
http://esl.about.com/?once=true&
ELTWEB
http://www.eltweb.com/
ESL
Resources at Purdue University - covers common grammar issues
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/esl/
See also "Writing and Grammar Guides On Line," below.
The a.u.e Audio Archive -- Listen to sound files of
speakers from England, Cornwall, Canada, Ireland, and the US saying
'Bother, Father caught hot coffee in the car park' and other examples
of
differing accents.
Reach via
IDEA, the
International Dialects of English Archive -- Large collection
of MP3 speech files from around the world.
http://www.ukans.edu/~idea/
Fonetiks
-- sound clips of 6 kinds of English plus 9 other languages
http://www.fonetiks.org/
Pronunciation
Voice of America - 3000 soundfiles of placenames &
people
http://ibb7.ibb.gov/pronunciations/
Brian
Kelk maintains a Web page with pointers to numerous wordlists
on
the net - for UK English, US English and a number of other languages.
Many are bare lists of words but some have other info. There is also
information on word and letter frequency and on phonetic alphabets
(Alpha Bravo). The page has recently moved to:
http://www.bckelk.uklinux.net/menu.html
The
Moby Project has large downloadable lists of words:
Hyphenator,
5-Language, Parts-of-Speech, Pronunciator (American), Shakespeare,
Thesaurus, and American Words.
http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/research/ilash/Moby/
The
National Puzzlers' League provides a search engine for words
listed
in a number of dictionaries (including W2 and SOED):
http://www.puzzlers.org/secure/wordlists/grepdict.html
Please look up simple questions of meaning and origin in a dictionary before posting to the group. There are now several large, recent dictionaries on-line to choose from.
Merriam-Webster
Collegiate, 10th Edition, 1994. With US pronunciations.
http://www.m-w.com/netdict.htm
Onelook, which
searches over 500 dictionaries at a single stroke.
http://www.onelook.com/
Dictionary.com, based on theAmerican
Heritage Dictionary
http://www.dictionary.com/
Cambridge
International Dictionary, also Idioms & Phrasal Verbs
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/
American Heritage Dictionary
of Idioms
http://xrefer.com/
Encarta World English
Dictionary
http://dictionary.msn.com/
Macquarie
Dictionary (Australian)
http://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/
Random
House Webster's College Dictionary
(no etymology)
http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopdict.html
The Web of
On-line Dictionaries, with links to many bilingual, slang,
hobby, science, etc, dictionaries:
http://www.yourdictionary.com/
Xrefer.com,
with over 50 specialty dictionaries including slang, idiom,
placenames, and quotations. Many are Oxford publications.
http://www.xrefer.com/
Word Net
- includes "X is a kind of..." and "X consists of..."
http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn
Webster's 1828
American Dictionary of the English Language
http://www.christiantech.com/
Webster's
1913
Revised Unabridged Dictionary
http://humanities.uchicago.edu/forms_unrest/webster.form.html
The
Century Dictionary, 1914 (12 volumes scanned):
http://www.global-language.com/century/
The Oxford English Dictionary
is available for a subscription fee:
http://oed.com
Hobson-Jobson:Anglo-Indian
Glossary, 1903
http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/hobsonjobson/
The
Jargon Lexicon
- on computer and hi-tech terms
http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/jargon/html/The-Jargon-Lexicon.html
Onelook (above) finds many initialisms. Two other searchable databases are:
http://www.ucc.ie/info/net/acronyms/acro.html
The a.u.e webmaster has arranged to link the indexes of many of these
sites. Enter your search word once at the AUE Website and get links to
each place the term is discussed.
http://www.alt-usage-english.org/
The Maven's
Word of the Day
(formerly Jesse's)
A dictionary editor answers word questions. Large archive.
http://www.randomhouse.com/wotd/
Common
Errors in English
-- Tips on hundreds of confusing words and
pairs such as affect/effect, adapt/adopt, advice/advise, etc.
http://www.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/errors.html
Michael Quinion, World
Wide Words
-- Discusses new words and the
reappearance of old ones. Q&A section.
http://www.worldwidewords.org/
Evan Morris,The
Word Detective
-- Answers questions on origins of
colorful words and phrases. Large archive.
http://www.word-detective.com
John
Lawler
-- A linguistics professor gives masterful explanations of
how language really works
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jlawler/aue.html
sci.lang FAQ
-- language and linguistics questions commonly asked
http://www.zompist.com/langfaq.html
Take Our Word
-- the Weekly Word-origin Webzine
http://takeourword.com/
Dave Wilton's
Etymology Page
http://www.wordorigins.org/
Etymology
Online
http://www.geocities.com/etymonline/
Sharp Points
by Bill Walsh -- real-life copy editing dilemmas
http://www.theslot.com/sharp.html
Atlas of
North American English -- Maps and articles on regional
dialects in the US. Knowledge of basic linguistics advised.
http://www.ling.upenn.edu/phono_atlas/
Word2Word
-- links to dictionaries, translators, language sites, etc.
http://www.word2word.com/dictionary.html
Fun with Words
-- unusual words, lists of oddities, etc.
http://rinkworks.com/words/
Word Ways:
The Journal of Recreational Linguistics
http://www.wordways.com/
Grammar
and Style Notes by Jack Lynch
http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Writing/
Handbook
of Style, by Merriam-Webster, Inc.
http://www.mae.ucsd.edu/mw/hanstyle.html
Guide
to Grammar and Writing, by Charles Darling
http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/index2.htm
The
Online English Grammar, by Anthony Hughes
http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/toc.cfm
Verbix
-- conjugate any English verb; other languages, too.
http://www.verbix.com/languages/english.shtml
Two style guides for British publications:
http://www.guardianunlimited.co.uk/styleguide/
http://www.economist.com/library/styleGuide/
Basics
of diagramming sentences
http://www.utexas.edu/courses/langling/e360k/handouts/diagrams/
Xrefer
-- two British style guides: The Oxford Companion to the English
Language, and The New Fowler's Modern English Usage
http://www.xrefer.com/
Bartleby
-- two US style guides: American Heritage Book of English
Usage, and Strunk's Elements of Style (1916 edition)
http://www.bartleby.com/
The
Internet Grammar of English:
modern grammar (word classes, etc.)
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/
The Online
Writing Lab at Purdue University
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/
The
Plain English Campaign:
guides to writing letters, reports, etc.
http://www.plainenglish.co.uk/freepub.html
Garbl's Writing
Resources On Line:
A descriptive list of links about writing, and a style manual
http://garbl.home.attbi.com/
Yahoo!
Grammar & Usage -- A long list of sites.
http://dir.yahoo.com/Social_Science/Linguistics_and_Human_Languages/Lang
uages/Specific_Languages/English/Grammar__Usage__and_Style/
Zuzu's Petals
Literary Resource: A large and well-maintained collection
of links on every aspect of writing. Look here to find style guides,
copyright laws, and much more.
http://www.zuzu.com/homelink.htm
Sometimes, language questions are tied closely to history, science,
geography, and other factual matters. Web search engines such as
MetaCrawler, Google, and many others can help. Each has its strengths
and weaknesses. For a list of
21 major search engines
, go to:
http://searchenginewatch.internet.com/links/Major_Search_Engines/The_Major_Search_Engines/index.html
There are also on-line encyclopedias and "reference books":
Bartleby --
search two dozen reference works simultaneously, both recent
and older. Includes Columbia Encyclopedia and quotation guides.
http://www.bartleby.com/
Encarta
encyclopedia
http://encarta.msn.com/default.asp
Refdesk
- many references linked to a single home page
http://www.refdesk.com/
The
American-British British-American Dictionary
http://www.peak.org/~jeremy/dictionary/
Estuary
English - recent developments in England
http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/estuary/home.htm
The Best of British
http://www.effingpot.com/
African
American Vernacular English (Ebonics)
by Jack Sidnell
http://www.une.edu.au/langnet/aave.htm
The Center for
Applied Linguistics:
Ebonics Information Page
http://www.cal.org/ebonics/
John
Lawler on Ebonics:
a statement by linguists, bibliography & links:
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jlawler/ebonics.lsa.html
African-American
History and Culture
http://www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/blackga.htm
Characteristic
Features of AAVE
http://www.hf.ntnu.no/engelsk/staff/johannesson/111sos/L09-O04.htm
Word
Safari:
Megalist of Word Links -- History Section:
A good starting point with links to a number of sites on the
development, grammar, pronunciation, and literature of Old English or
Anglo-Saxon (example, Beowulf) and Middle English (example, Chaucer).
http://home.earthlink.net/~ruthpett/safari/megalist.htm#Jump3
I have not yet found a good site about "Early Modern English," but you can use these two sites to search for your own usage examples:
Search Shakespeare sites
http://www.rhymezone.com/shakespeare/help/
http://the-tech.mit.edu/Shakespeare/
(search single plays only)
Bible Gateway
- Search the Bible (King James and other versions)
http://bible.gospelcom.net/
A brief page on
"Thou,
Thee & Archaic Grammar"
is now in the Grammar section of the AUE FAQ Supplement:
http://www.alt-usage-english.org/pronoun_paradigms.html
Sites for "Modern English" literature from 1700-2000:
Bibliomania
- search many classic novels and essays simultaneously.
http://www.bibliomania.com/
Mastertexts
- another quick-search site
http://www.bibliomania.com/
The
On-Line Books Page
-- thousands of works of literature that are
available for free download & search. Includes Project
Gutenberg titles.
http://digital.library.upenn.edu/books/
Collins
Cobuild Corpus Concordance Sampler
- search for recent usages
http://titania.cobuild.collins.co.uk/form.html
This series of seven "Intro Documents" is intended to aid newcomers to
the newsgroup. The articles are posted frequently here, and are also on
the Web for your convenience, at:
http://www.alt-usage-english.org/
At that site, you will also find our full FAQ and other helpful information.
Comments and corrections to these Intro documents should be emailed to
me.
Donna Richoux
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